Political Systems

Examples of Federal Unions: Where several states unite themselves together under common sovereignty and establish a common central government for the administration of certain affairs of general concern, or where some provinces or dependencies are by a unilateral act of their common superior transformed into largely autonomous self-governing communities, we hate a federal union, as … Read more

Confederations’ character: Definitions of confederations, like those of states, are multifarious, and no useful purpose would be served by quoting them. Most authors agree that a confederation is a union or association of states formed to promote or achieve certain specific objects, especially the maintenance of their common external security. Unlike those who unite to … Read more

Personal and Real Unions. A real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political. It is a development from the personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies. Personal Unions:- A personal … Read more

Nature of the British Constitution. In almost every country In the world, except the United Kingdom, the terin ‘Constitution’ means a selection or the legal rules that delineate that country’s government, which have Leen embodied in one or several documents. Such a document ray have been drawn up either by a Constituent Assembly or the … Read more

Principle of classifications of Associations and Unions of States. Some writers classify real unions, confederations, and federal unions as different forms of a “composite” state, distinguishing from a “simple” state. But this classification is unsound because real unions and confederations are not in fact states, nor is a federal union a “composite” state. Its government … Read more

Kinds of Part-Sovereign States. Many writers, especially on international law, recognize as states certain communities that are not entirely independent and therefore not fully sovereign in their external relations and may not be completely so in respect to their internal affairs. They are sometimes designated as half-sovereign states, sometimes merely as part-sovereign-states. To some degree, … Read more

The classification of states or government by ancient Greek Aristotle and Modern Classifications of State by modern writers and views. The Classification of Waitz and Others:- As has been said, attempts to classify states have been innumerable, but it would serve little purpose to describe them all. Therefore, it must suffice to call attention to … Read more

What are the Best Form of Government ? It’s easy to criticize “the government” in broad and indirect terms, but it’s far more rewarding to criticize the government using the proper terminology.  Now we discuses about what are the best government policy . Tests by which Government may be Judged :- Such are the elements … Read more

Characteristics of the Presidential System. As pointed out in a previous Article , the distinguishing characteristic of the presidential system is the almost complete separation of the executive and legislative departments and the independence of each as against the other, especially in respect to their policies and powers and the duration of their tenure. The … Read more

Element of Strength in Cabinet Government in the first place, it is claimed for the cabinet system that it is the only system which (except, of course, the discarded autocracy) insures harmonious cooperation between the executive and legislative branches of the government. As pointed out in a previous chapter, the feature which distinguishes it from … Read more