Political Science Learning & Reference Hub
The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. This article discuss about Causes … Read more
American Revolution, also known as the United States War of Independence or American Revolutionary War, (1775–83), insurrection by which thirteen American colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America. “The American Revolution was not just a war for independence, but a revolution in political thought that reshaped the modern … Read more
Dictatorship is a type of government that is being led by a single person or party who decides and holds all political power of a nation. Some examples of dictators are Hitler from Germany, Mao Zedong in China, and Benito Mussolini in Italy. Dictatorship makes the government more stable since only one person decides for … Read more
The Structure, Functions and Powers of the UNO and Its Main Organs. The main organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded. “The United … Read more
Aims of United Nations Organization is international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San … Read more
In the United States, judicial review is the legal power of a court to determine if a statute, treaty or administrative regulation contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law, a State Constitution, or ultimately the United States Constitution. “The Constitution is what the judges say it is.”— Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes Power of … Read more
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, meaning they can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution or federal statutes. The federal district court is the starting point for any case arising under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties. “Federal courts are the guardians of constitutional rights and the interpreters of national law … Read more
The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal judiciary. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in district courts, each of which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States district court. “A strong federal judiciary … Read more
Strengthening the US Congress is essential for maintaining democratic balance and effective governance in the United States. While the Constitution grants Congress broad legislative, investigative, and oversight powers, historical tensions between the executive and legislative branches have often weakened institutional coordination. Enhancing congressional authority, improving executive-legislative cooperation, and reforming institutional structures remain critical to ensuring … Read more
The United States Congress plays a central role in shaping national policy through its financial and general powers. From taxation and budgeting to legislation, oversight, and impeachment, Congress influences every major aspect of governance. Understanding the financial and general functions of Congress reveals how it balances power with the President and ensures democratic accountability in … Read more