Political Science Learning & Reference Hub
New Ideas and Movements in Europe, also known as the Enlightenment, was a philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. Centered on the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy, this movement advocated such ideals as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation … Read more
The Industrial Revolution was a transformative period that shifted production from handicraft to machine-based manufacturing, reshaping economies, societies, and global power structures. Beginning in Britain in the late 18th century and spreading to Europe and the United States, it introduced mechanization, urbanization, and technological innovation that laid the foundation for modern industrial society. “The Industrial … Read more
World After the Second Global War was the beginning of a new era for all countries involved, defined by the decline of all European colonial empires and simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US). Allies during World War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the … Read more
Before the world could recover completely from the havoc caused by the First World War (1914-18), it was shocked to learn about the outbreak of the Second World War (1939-45). The interval between the end of the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War was 20 years and 9 months. “Those … Read more
Napoleon Bonaparte reshaped Europe through military genius, political ambition, and sweeping reforms. His rise from Corsican officer to Emperor of France transformed European politics, but his downfall led to the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), where European powers sought to restore stability and redraw the continent’s map. The clash between revolutionary ideals and conservative restoration defined … Read more
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. It can be broadly defined as a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land, known as a fiefdom or fief, in exchange for service or labour. This Topic about Feudalism … Read more
The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. This article discuss about Causes … Read more
American Revolution, also known as the United States War of Independence or American Revolutionary War, (1775–83), insurrection by which thirteen American colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America. “The American Revolution was not just a war for independence, but a revolution in political thought that reshaped the modern … Read more
Dictatorship is a type of government that is being led by a single person or party who decides and holds all political power of a nation. Some examples of dictators are Hitler from Germany, Mao Zedong in China, and Benito Mussolini in Italy. Dictatorship makes the government more stable since only one person decides for … Read more
The Structure, Functions and Powers of the UNO and Its Main Organs. The main organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded. “The United … Read more