Qualification of Judges. The peculiar functions of courts of justice are such as to require that the judges should possess in a special degree learning, impartiality, integrity, dignity, and independence of judgment. “Whatever,” said Edmund Burke in his “Reflections on the French Revolution,” is supreme in a state, it ought to have, as much as…
Principles of Organization. The judicial organ everywhere differs essentially from both the executive and legislative organs. Subject to the qualifications mentioned in the chapter on executive organ, the supreme executive power is to day universally entrusted to a single magistrate While the legislative power is exercised by a more or less numerous assembly, usually consisting…
A final function of the courts, at least in some countries, is the power to create and develop law. The law which they make is known as “case law” or “judge-made law” in Latin countries, jurisprudence. This power results from the universal right of the judges to construe and interpret statutes, and in Anglo-Saxon countries…
Early Notions of Justice The administration of justice, they Chief task of the judiciary, is to day universally a function belonging exclusively to the state. But it has not always been so. In early times the state lacked judicial organs and, indeed, the administrations of justice was not regarded as a function of the state….
Nature of International Relations. Political science is concerned not only with the internal organization and functions of the state but also with the relations of states to one another. The activities that affect the relations among states may be carried on either by private citizens and corporations or by the authorized public agents or governments…
Political Change: Change is a natural phenomenon and in all ages change occurs, but the modern world is distinguished by the rapidity and extent of change. Change in the methods of communication, in economic, social and political life. What happens in New York, Cairo or Sydney can be witnessed instantaneously in London or New Delhi,…
Influence: Influence authority and power are among the most common key words in politics. They are present at all levels in a political system, but they are differently presented, though certain ground is Common that a human relationship exists and that the assessment of one or other of the parties affects the behavior of the…
Politics: The modem political scientists introduce the reader to the study of politics and accept it as the hub of political activity. Ordinary use equates politics with party politics and politicians with party politicians, engaged in the politics of their respective parties born out of disagreement on the policies and programmes each party owns and…
We discussed in the preceding Article the main ingredients of the modern politics. It has been said that there had been something of an intellectual revolution in the United States of America, and out of it has emerged a trend to master the new complexities both in developed and developing countries by breaking out of…
Sidgwick says that it is always useful for the proper understanding of any subject of inquiry to establish its relationship with other sciences and to see clearly what elements of its reasoning’s it has to take from them and what in its turn it may claim to give them. Political Science is deeply related to…